New Delhi, July 12 - High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is often referred to as the "silent killer" — and for good reason. This common but frequently overlooked condition affects millions of people globally and continues to be a major contributor to heart disease, stroke, kidney damage, and premature death. The worrying part is that most people with high blood pressure may not even know they have it until it's too late.

Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of arteries. It is measured using two numbers: systolic (when the heart beats) over diastolic (when the heart rests between beats). A normal reading is typically around 120/80 mmHg. When it consistently stays at or above 140/90 mmHg, it is considered high. While temporary spikes in blood pressure are common due to stress or activity, sustained high levels can silently damage the body over time.

One of the reasons hypertension is so dangerous is because it often shows no obvious symptoms. Unlike many health issues that come with warning signs, high blood pressure can quietly harm organs like the heart, brain, and kidneys for years before a serious event like a heart attack or stroke occurs. This is why regular monitoring is vital, especially for adults over the age of 40 or those with a family history of hypertension.

Several factors contribute to high blood pressure. Lifestyle plays a big role — excessive salt intake, poor diet, obesity, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, and chronic stress can all increase risk. Genetics also contribute, and certain medical conditions such as diabetes and kidney disease may elevate blood pressure as well. With increasing urbanization and fast-paced lifestyles, cases of hypertension are on the rise across both urban and rural populations in India.

Early detection is key to managing hypertension. A simple blood pressure test at a clinic or even at home with a reliable monitor can help catch the condition early. Once diagnosed, treatment often includes lifestyle modifications such as reducing salt and processed food intake, exercising regularly, losing weight if necessary, managing stress through techniques like yoga or meditation, and quitting smoking. In many cases, doctors may prescribe medication to help maintain a safe blood pressure level. It’s important to note that these medicines usually need to be taken long-term, even when a person feels fine.

Ignoring hypertension can have serious consequences. The heart has to work harder to pump blood, which can lead to heart failure. High pressure can also damage the arteries, increasing the risk of stroke and aneurysm. It can impair kidney function over time, leading to kidney failure. In some cases, it may even affect eyesight due to damage to the blood vessels in the eyes.

Raising awareness about hypertension is crucial. Routine health check-ups, better dietary habits, and public education can go a long way in fighting this invisible threat. High blood pressure may not make you feel sick, but it quietly puts your life at risk every single day. Taking control early is the best protection against this silent danger.